Towards a CO2-neutral steel industry: Justice aspects of CO2 capture and storage, biomass- and green hydrogen-based emission reductions

A rapid transition towards a CO2-neutral steel industry is required to limit climate change. Such raises questions of justice, as it entails positive and negative impacts unevenly distributed across societal stakeholders. To enable stakeholders address such concerns, this paper assesses the justice implications three options that reduce emissions: CO2 capture storage (CCS) on (up 70%), bio-based steelmaking 50%), green hydrogen-based production 100%). We select indicators from energy, climate, labour environmental literature assess these qualitatively for each technological routes based desk research. find context-dependent differences in justness between different routes. The impact varies regions. There are concerns local communities because economic dependence on, industry. Communities elsewhere impacted through siting infrastructure feedstock production. CCS can help retain associated benefits location, while may deal better with concerns. conclude that, besides techno-economic information, transparency sector-specific transforming industries essential decision-making